These images were created using data obtained from medical imaging ct, mri, xrays. This chapter examines the main cutaneous andor motor nerves of the upper limb. Peripheral nerve entrapment and injury in the upper extremity. These nerves continue into the upper limb to provide innervation to the muscles and skin. Paul rea mbchb, msc, phd, mimi, rmip, fhea, frsa, in essential clinically applied anatomy of the peripheral nervous system in the limbs, 2015. No matter the problem affecting the hand, wrist, shoulder or elbow, specialists with the robert a. Limb deficiencies are most common in the lower limb and in boys. Applied anatomy for upper limb nerve blocks sciencedirect. Overview of muscle groups muscles of the hip joint 3 groups thigh muscles 3 groups. This summary on the gross anatomy of the upper limb is done in the form of mnemonics according to the theory from grays anatomy for students. Lesions of the median, ulnar and radial nerves lesions of the median nerve median nerve lesions occur at two sites. It features 500 fullcolor photographs of fresh cadaver dissections and 1,000 meticulous drawings that offer a realistic, detailed view of the complex anatomy encountered during surgical procedures. The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and hand.
If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or blog, please purchase the appropriate license. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, shoulder muscles. The anatomy of the lower limb includes the foot, leg, thigh and the gluteal region. Posterior upper limb trudy van houten, september 1, 2010 page 30. The nerves found within the arm are terminal branches of the brachial plexus and serve to innervate muscles of the upper extremity and transmit sensory information to the higher processing centers of the brain. Lymph from the upper limb drains into lymphatic vessels travelling with both deep and superficial veins. Sensory to upper limb making it move bones and joints muscles and nerves vascular supply surface anatomy muscle study hint. As already noted, the hip bone contains the ilium, ischium, and pubis see chapter 4. Orthopedic interventions of the arm primarily involve open reduction and internal fixation of. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm nerves article statpearls. All these joints are best seen as a continuous functional unit rather than a series of isolated joints. Mob tcd anatomy of nerve injuries dermatomes myotomes nerves entrapped pierce muscle pierce fascia repetitive movements 3. It is made up of five roots, between the scalene muscles, three trunks upper, middle and lower lying in the posterior triangle, each of which divide into anterior and posterior divisions behind the clavicle to form lateral, medial and posterior cords in the upper axilla. Property of department of orthopedics, faculty of medicine, university of zagazig, egypt.
Vascular ingrowth is needed to supply the progress zone. Prepared by preeminent hand surgeons and a master medical illustrator, this textatlas is the most comprehensive reference on surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity. The bones of the lower limb include the pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, and bones of the foot. An indepth guide to the nerve supply to the upper limb, including tips on. First, the chapter will provide an overview about the general layout of the upper limb. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm nerves statpearls. The center features a team of physicians and hand therapists with experience and expertise in a wide range of hand conditions, including. Brachial artery breast and anterior upper limb trudy van houten, september 1, 2010 page 23. Hence with a cervical neck fracture, some people can still shrug their shoulders, even though theyve lost upperlimb innervation, due to residual innervation from this nerve. It is formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerve levels c5 through t1. At the root of neck the nerves that are about to enter the upper limb come together to form a complicated plexus, the brachial plexus.
The medial and lateral intermuscular septa pass to the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the. The brachial plexus supplies all the nerves in the upper extremity. As the nerves that control the upper extremity traverse the arm towards the hand, they pass through relatively fixed anatomical structures, or tunnels, usually as. Gross anatomy introduction to upper limb study guide by sanahhh includes 30 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Anatomy of nerve injuries upper limb linkedin slideshare. Nerves of the upper limb can be divided into 2 categories. A compiled list of all the upper limb muscles, their attachments, actions, innervation, and blood supply from university of michigan. Im not going to talk about the brachial plexus or the shoulder region much, but.
Im going to look at the major nerves of the upper limb and follow them down the arm and forearm to the hand. Anterior brachial compartment anterior brachial compartment general function. Its bones, muscles, nerves, joints, blood vessels and lymphatics, anatomical areas, and structures found in the hand. Neurological assessment of the distal upper extremity median nervesensory.
The nerves of the lower limb are originated from lumbar plexusof nerves l1 l4 inside the posterior abdominal wall andsacral plexus of nerves l4 s4 in the posterior pelvic wall. Restoration of major defects in the arm by combination of plastic, orthopedic. Muscles, osteofascial compartments, vessels, and nerves of the lower limb. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, hand compartments. In the posterior triangle of the neck these rami form three trunks from which fibers enter the axilla region armpit to innervate the muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of the limb. While this muscle prevents dislocation in the joint, strong. This anatomy section promotes the use of the terminologia anatomica, the international standard of anatomical nomenclature.
I have covered the brachial plexus itself in more detail in a separate article here the diagram below summarises the structure and branches of the brachial plexus. Neuroanatomy, peripheral nervous system, tutorials, upper limb neuroanatomy by admin may 23, 2016 3d video anatomy tutorials on the anatomy of the median nerve. Wikimedia commons has media related to nerves of the upper limb pages in category nerves of the upper limb the following 51 pages are in this category, out of 51 total. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or. Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis innervation. Navigate through the leg by the by type of body part you are looking for. Joints muscle nerves vascular supply no visceraall innervation is somatic motor or sensory from ventral ramus of spinal nerve except autonomics to blood vessels frolich, human anatomy,upprlimb sensory from limb dermatomes.
The brachial plexus is a collection of nerve fibres that supply motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. The arm is the region of the upper extremity extending between the shoulder and elbow joints. It originates from nerve roots c5 to t1 and, as it passes through the axilla, merges the nerve fibres from these roots into different nerve branches. The upper limb wiki was created in 2010 as part of an anatomy and physiology class project for 1st year physiotherapy and occupational therapy students at the university of cape town. Upper limb deficiencies may be due to malformations or disruptions, such as amniotic bands, from trauma, or as a result from resections of malignant tumors. The upper extremity ue is comprised of its associated muscles, nerves, and vessels, organized into anatomical compartments. Anatomy flashcards on the nerves of the upper limb. It is a highly mobile synovial joint that allows for both anterior posterior and medial lateral movement. The upper limb teachmeanatomy making anatomy simple.
Anatomy and related risk factors of upper extremity nerve injury. Pelvic girdle the pelvic girdle contains the hip bone and the sacrum. Muscles stabilizing pectoral girdle marieb hoehn chapter 10. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, cutaneous innervation ncbi. The motor and sensory supply of the upper limb is provided by the brachial plexus which is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves c5t1.
Neurological assessment of the distal upper extremity median nerve sensory. I have covered their anatomy and function, as well as the clinical features you. In the upper extremities the nerves connect the central nervous system to the distal. Nerve lesions and entrapment neuropathies of the upper limb. The nerve anatomy of the upper extremity is studied constantly through surgical findings, electrodiagnostic studies, and cadaveric dissections. Practice exam to test yourself, and, more importantly, figure out what you dont know so you dont waste time. The muscles that act on the upper limb fall into four groups.
Nerves of the upper limb an overview sciencedirect topics. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the brachial plexus its. Groups of nodes are found in the cubital fossa and in the axilla. Mnemonics are highly recommended for written and spot tests. Vulnerable peripheral nerves upper limb ulnar nerve. The 30 bones of each upper limb are illustrated in figure 1. The space also contains the proximal parts of two muscles biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles. Shoulder joint the glenoid fossa of the scapula is a depression on the head of the scapula, between the acromion and coracoid processes. Lesions of the median, ulnar and radial nerves lesions of the median nerve median nerve lesions occur at two sites, 1. Arm compartments and muscles the arm is surrounded by a layer of deep fascia that encloses its contents like a sleeve and sends septa between the muscle groups to facilitate their gliding on each other. Peripheral nerve injury of the upper extremity commonly occurs in patients who participate in recreational e. The human lower limb is specially adapted to bear weight in an upright position and to walk. Anatomy of the upper limb almustansiriya university. Passing through the axilla are the major vessels, nerves, and lymphatics of the upper limb.
Upper extremity nerve lesions diagnosis, indications, surgical. Peripheral nerves of the upper extremity orthopaedicsone. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm structure and function. Carpal tunnel syndrome cts is the most common entrapment neuropathy in rheumatology clinic. The nerve supply to the upper limb is almost entirely supplied by the brachial plexus. Mob tcd anatomy of nerve injuries upper limb professor emeritus moira obrien frcpi, ffsem, ffsem uk, ftcd trinity college dublin 2. Jan 21, 2020 illustrations of the anatomy of the upper limb. Dr roisin kellylaubscher, lecturer in anatomy and physiology, university of cape town. The hand is a very mobile part of the upper limb, and we perform very specialised tasks with it every day, key adaptations can be seen in the specialised structures of the hand. See more ideas about anatomy, anatomy and physiology and upper limb anatomy. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. The carpal tunnel is the gateway to the palm of the hand. The manubrium is the superior part of the sternum and is attached to the clavicle laterally. Hence with a cervical neck fracture, some people can still shrug their shoulders, even though theyve lost upper limb innervation, due to residual innervation from this nerve.
Some are 3d views of the bones, vectorised with adobe illustrator, while others are diagrams and some are digital paintings produced with adobe photoshop. Muscles, osteofascial compartments, vessels, and nerves of. Labeledanatomy atlas 5e brazil this illustration was published in. Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel both. Instant anatomy is a specialised web site for you to learn all about human anatomy of the. In human anatomy, the upper limb also upper extremity refers to the region distal to the deltoid. Review articles on peripheral nerves of the upper extremity from jaaos. Cranial nerves tutorial grays anatomy of the human body right coronary artery arteries of arch of aorta daily online mock test 142. Jan 30, 2018 im going to look at the major nerves of the upper limb and follow them down the arm and forearm to the hand. Instant anatomy is a specialised web site for you to learn all about human anatomy of the body with diagrams, podcasts and revision questions.
On the medial back, it is an area of little muscle and hence a good place to listen to the lungs. Upper extremity malignancies are less common than lower extremity malignancies, limiting the experience of the radiologist, pathologist, and orthopaedic. Nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus derives from c5, c6, c7, c8 and t1 nerves. Ulnar nerve trauma, tickling the funny bone everything you need to know dr. Cutaneous innervation of the shoulder and upper limb comes from multiple peripheral nerves originating from cervical and thoracic nerve roots. The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle, composed of the clavicle and the scapula, connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton through the sternoclavicular joint the only joint in the upper limb that directly articulates with the trunk, a ball and socket joint supported by the subclavius muscle which acts as a dynamic ligament. Ventral somatic outgrowth of outer tube bones with bone, cartilage, marrow, nav, etc. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Magnetic resonance imaging in orthopaedics and sports medicine.